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(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 1.

- E. FIELD.

METHOD 0R PROCESS OF WORKING MOTOR ENGINES WITH HOT GASES AND STEAM N0.437,'586. Pa.ten 1;edSept.30,1890.

WWWM mo w wm (No Model.) 7 sheets- Sheet 2.

V E. FIELD. 7

METHOD 0R PROCESS OF WORKING MOTOR ENGINES WITH HOT GASES AND STEAM.

No. 437,586. Patented Sept 30, 1890.

a? I 1 2/ F gawk/m5 (No Model.) E 7 Sheets-Sheet 3,

E. FIELD. METHOD OR PROCESS OF WORKING MOTOR ENGINES WITH HOT GASES AND STEAM.

Patented Sept. 30, 1890.

KW/INAIQMSM. id 62044 {No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 4. E. FIELD. METHOD 0R PEOGES$ OF WORKING MOTOR ENGINES WITH HOT GASES AND STEAM.

Patented-Sept. 30, 1890.

kiwi/Wm m: mmus PETERS co. FNOYO-LIYMO:, wAsummaN, n. c.

v (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 5.

' E. FIELD.

METHOD ORTPROOESS'OP WORKING MOTOR ENGINES WITH HOT GASES AND STEAM.

No. 437,586. Patented Sept. 30, 1890.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 6.

E. FIELD.

METHOD OR PROOESS 0F WORKING MOTOR ENGINES WITH HOT GASES AND STEAM.

No. 437,586. PatenQgd-S tQ IBQO.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 7.

E. FIELD. METHOD OR PROCESS OF WORKING MOTOR ENGINES WITH HOT GASES AND STEAM.

pt.30,1890. I W

Patgpjed Se LEL WHMQ M UNIT-ED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD FIELD, OF LONDON,IENGLAND.

M ETHOD 0R PROCESS OF WORKING MOTOR-ENGINES WITH HOT GASES AND STEAM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 437,586, dated september 30, 1890.

Application filed January 31, 1890- Serial No. 338,729. (No model.) Patented in England February 4, 1889, No.1,997 j in France January 6, 1890,1Io. 202,990; in Belgium January 8,1890, No. 89,106; in Norway January 21,1890, No. 1,670; in Luxemburg January 22, 1890, No. 1,241; in Brazil March 20, 1890, No. 843; in Italy March 31, 1890, LIII, 93, and in Canada May 22, 1890, No, 34,388.

To all whom it may concern:

Be'it known that I, EDWARD FIELD, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Buckingham Street, Adelphi, in the county of London, England, have invented a new and Improved Method or Process of Working Motor-Engines with Hot Gases and Steam, (for which I have received Letters Patent as follows: In Great Britain February-4, 1889, No. 1,997; in France January 6, 1890, No. 202,990; in Belgium January 8,1890, No. 89,106; in Norway January 21,1890, No. 1,670; in Luxemburg January 22, 1890, No. 1,241; in Italy March 31, 1890, Reg. Att. Vol. LIII, No. 93; in Canada May 22, 1890, No. 34,888, and in Brazil March 20, 1890, 190.843,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a method or process of working engines with hot gases, such as air or products of combustion, with addition of steam, for the purpose of developing motive power.

iAccording'to my invention the mixture of the steam with the hot. gases to form a charge for doing duty in the working-cylinder (or in one of the working-cylinders) of the engine is efiected in a chamber in the following way: First, said chamber having supplied a charge of mixture to the working-cylinder and been thereafter opened to an exhaust, hot gases are passed through said chamber to clean and dry it. Then while said chamber is yet full of hot dry gases it is closed. Then steam at a suitable pressure is admitted into said chamber and mixes with the hot gases therein, thus forming the working mixture for use in the cylinder. This mixture, being at a high pressure, then expands into said cylinder, and after it has done duty in effecting astroke of the piston said cylinder is opened to the exhaust and the spent mixture is allowed to escape from it. For a single-acting engine one mixing-chamber will usually suffice. A double-acting engine, however, requires at least two such mixing-chambers, in each of which the above-described process willtakethe chamber or chambers that supplylthe' (or of each cylinder) must be separate from other end, in order to, allow ample time for the above-described process ofcleaning out,

drying, filling with hot gases, and admitting steam thereto to take place in an eflicient manner in each of said chambers in the re quired order.

By hot dry gases, which expression I use, primarily, to distinguish hot air. or products of combustion without addition of steam, I

ber is provided with a slide or valve adapted to control ports leading, respectively, to the one end of the cylinder and to the exhaust, also with an inlet and an exit for hot gases, such as products of combustion or heated air, also suitably controlled; and likewise with an inlet for steam controlled by a suitable,

slide or valve adapted to admit steam and close'the inlet while all other openings to the mixing-chamber are closed. The arrange ment and operation of thevarious parts are such that while motive fluid o. 6. hot gases having steam mixed therewith,) is passing from one of the said mixing-chambers into one end of the cylinder and is doing duty in pro pelling the piston one way, the fluid that previously entered the other end of the cyline der and has done duty in it will be escaping to the exhaust past the slide or valve of the other mixing-chamber, and this last-merrtioned mixing-chamber will be opened to an exhaust, so as to allow a part of itscontents to escape, thus reducing the pressure in such 7 I Each of these chambers is in chamber to atmospheric pressure. Then this chamber will be cleared out, dried, closed, and

left full of hot gases. At a suitable pressure steam will be admitted to such gases. The mixture willbe admitted to the corresponding end of the cylinder to do duty in the cylinder durin g the return-stroke of the piston, and during this stroke exhaustion of the contents from the other end of the cylinder and the exhaustion, clearing out, drying, filling, closing, and admission of steam to the proper mixing-chamber for effecting the succeeding stroke of the piston will be effected.

According to a modification the cylinder (or each cylinder, if more than one,) might have fourmixing-chambers=-two in conneotionwith one end of the cylinder, the other two inconnection with the other end of the cylinder, and all in connection with the exhaust-each mixing-chamber being provided with a slide or Valve, and with an inlet and exit for hot gases and an inlet for steam, with slide or valve for controlling the same. The arrangement would in this case be such that the strokes of the piston in each direction-that is to say,what I will call for distinction, respectively, the instrokes and the outstrokes, would be effected by mixture of hot gases and steam supplied alternately,respectively,fromthetwo mixing-chambersinconnection with the one end of the cylinder and from the two mixing-chambers in connection with the other end of the cylinder, so that, for example, one outstroke having been effected by mixture of hot gases and steam from the one mixing-chamber in connection with the inner end of the cylinder the succeeding outstroke would. be effected by mixture of hot gases and steam from the other mixing-chamber in connection with the same end of the cylinder, and so with regard to the instrokes. ,1 It will be advantageous that all the cylinders and chambers as far as practicable should be jacketed with high-pressure steam or equivalent for maintaining heat.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a cylinder with mixing-chambers and valves according to my invention, being taken partlyon the line a b c d e f of Fig. 2 and partly on the line a b c d e g h i of the same figure. Fig.2 is an end view, partly in transverse section, on the line la 1 m n of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a plan of cylinder and mixing-chambers with the cover of both chambers and the casing removed, and showing the two distributing-valves in the positions they respectively occupy at the commencement of the backstroke. Fig. 4 isa plan with the cover of the steam-slide jacket and part of the casingcover removed to show the course of the hot gases before entering and after leaving the chambers Figs. 5 show ,four longitudinal diagrammatic sectionsA B C D of the distributing valves and ports. Each of these sections-shows to the right a position of rest of the s1 ide-valve located in the mixing-chamher that communicates with the front end of the cylinder, while to the left each section shows a position of the slide-valve at rest in the other mixing chamber-namely, that which communicates with the back end of the 2 is a'mixing-chamber that communicates through suitable ports with the back end of the cylinder and with the exhaust.

3 is another mixing-chamber. It communicates through suitable ports with the front end of the cylinder and with the exhaust.

4 is the exhaust port or passage from mixing-chamber 2.

5 is the exhaust ing-chamber 3. I

6is the port through which hot gases, with added steam, (hereinafter called mixture,) passes from mixing-chamber 2 to the back end of the cylinder.

I 7 is the port through which mixture passes from mixing-chamber 3 to the front end of the cylinder.

port or passage from mix 8 is the slidevalve for controlling the ad- 'mission and emission of themixture to and from the back end of the cylinder.

9 is the slide-valve for serving the front end of the cylinder, but operating inversely to'the valve 8, though having the same travel and the same times of travel as valve 8. It is to be noted that this simultaneous travel is adopted to simplify construction, and that these valves can be actuated by separate motions, if desired.

10 and 11 are valves that serve for the exit of mixture alternately from the mixing-chambers 2 and 3.

12 and 13 are two similar valves serving al ternately for the admission of hot gases into the mixing-chambers 2 and 3.

The pairs of valves 10 12 and 11 13' are opened and closed alternately by two rocking shafts having slightly different timesof travel, as hereinafter explained, these 'rocking shafts being actuated by any well-known device from the crank-shaft. -In the drawings the rocking shafts are arranged one within the other; but they may be otherwise constructed. j

14 is the steam-slide jacket, 15 the steamvalve having two short reciprocating motions,

first in one direction and then in the otherthat is to say, for example, first to theleft and back, then to the right and back. .It opens and closes the steam-ports 16 and 17 alternately and momentarily, always coming to rest in a position which willinsure'the closing of both ports efiectively. The rod ofthis slide is fitted with disconnecting-gear, so that the slide can be worked by hand when necessary. The port 16 serves the mixingchamber 2 and the port 17 serves the mixing-chamber 3 with steam from the steamslide jacket 14.

18 is the inlet for steam from any convenient source, governed by a suitable throttlevalve.

. 19 is an external casing enveloping the mixing-chambers 2 and 3 and the jacket 14. 20 is a chamber formed between the casing 19 and its inclosure. Into this chamber the hot gases are forced or drawn previous to entering the chambers 2 and 3. 21 is a similarly-constructed chamber, but smaller, and

6o admitting steam to the mixing-chamber separated by the walls 22 and the cover of the chambers 2 and 3 from the chamber 20. This chamber 21 serves to receive spent mixture and convey it to the exit 25.

23 is the inlet for hot gases into chamber 20. (See Figs. 1, 2, and 4.)

24 is the exhaust from cylinder and chambers 2 and 3.

25 is the outlet for mixture after usein the cylinderl.

In explaining the operation of the abovedescribed engine I will assume steam at the desired pressure to be available. For the purpose of heating the cylinder 1 and other parts steam is admitted in the usual way from the boiler to the jacket of the cylinder and to the steam valve-jacket 14, and is allowed to escape through petcocks, (not shown,) as well understood, care being taken to clear the engine of water as completely as practicable before commencing to work. As-.

suming the valves8 and 9 to occupy the positions indicated at A, Fig. 5, and that the piston isin the position shown by full lines in' Fig. 1, to now start the engine, the gearof the steamvalve 15 having been previously disconnected to admit of being worked by hand, the crank is put a little past the dead-center, thus bringing the piston to, say, the position indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 1 in readiness tovalve 15 is then to be moved by hand from.

left to right, and thus the port 17 will be closed and port 16 will beopened, thereby O and as by the working of the engine the valve 8 will have been caused to open port 6, steam will pass from the mixing-chamber 2'into the back end of the cylinder. At the same time the valve 9 will have been caused to assume a position in which the front end of the cylinder will beopen to the exhaust, -On now driven by steam alone.

reversing the slide 15 by hand at the end of each stroke of the piston the engine will be i This should be continned until a moderate speed has been at- V tained,whereupon the valve 15 is to be thrown into gear, and the engine will then run with mixture instead of with steam alone.

For the purpose of. now describing the cycle of operations when running the engine with mixture I will assume the parts of the 'engine to be in the same positions as at start- 1 ing-namely, with the valves 8 and 9 in the positions indicated at A, Figs. 5, and the'piston as shown by full lines in Fig. 1. The

slide-valves 8 and 9 will move to the righthand position indicated at B, Figs. 5, and thus the back end of the cylinder will be opened to the exhaust through the ports .6and t.

At this moment, the valves 11 and. 13 having been just previously closed, the valves 10 and 4 r 12 will be opened. The valves 11 and 13 will remain closed and the valves 10 and.12.wil1 remain open until just before the completion of the inward or right-to-left strokeof the piston, whereupon the valves 10 and 12. will be closed, and immediately afterward. the

valves 11 and 13 will be opened. Steam will be admitted momentarily through the port 16 into the mixing-chamber 2, which will thereby be charged in readiness forthe rc-v turn or outward stroke. will complete their stroke from left to right,

assuming the position 0, Figs. 5, and .while.

The slides 8 and 9 they do so the slide 9 will connect the ports 5 and 7, momentarily putting the front end of the cylinder in communication withthe exhaust through the port 5. In completing its? 1* travel to the right the slide 9 will open the mixing-chamber 3 through the port 5 to the exhaust 24, at the same time opening the charged mixing-chamber 2 to the backend of the cylinder. The slides will now move from right to left to the position D, Figs. 5,shut- 'rIo ting ofi the mixing-chamber 3 from the exhaust through the port 5 and opening the front end of the cylinder to the exhaust. At

this instant, the valves 10 and 12 having just previously been closed, the valves 11 and .13 will be opened, steam will be admitted momentarily through the port 17, and the. mix ing-chamber 3 Will be charged for the next inward or right-to-lef t stroke. The slides will now revert to the original position.A, Figs.5,

and in so doing will momentarily connect the back end of the cylinder with the exhaust. 24 through the ports 6 and 4, also opening mixing-chamber 2 to the exhaust and the. charged mixing-chamber 3 'to thefront end of the cylinder through the port 7 and coma pleting the revolution of the engine. 2

In Fig. 6 1 have illustrated an engine, such- I as hereinbefore described, with apparatusfor heating the'air or gases for use therein. The

air or gaseslisorare drawn or forced from 1 some convenient source andheated byithe' hot products of combustion from a boiler-.

flue, although hot productsv of combustion from another source might be employed for the purpose. 1 is the engine-cylinder; 18, the steam-inlet; 19, the chamber-casing; 23, the inlet for hot gases, and the exit for spent mixture. E is part of a Cornish boiler, whereof F is the firetube, and G is the flue. H is the heater located in the'flue G, wherein it will be surrounded ,by hot products of combustion. This heater is composed of a chamber, with shelves so disposed that the gases shall be compelled to take a zigzag upward course, in order to insure their being heated by contact with the heated .metal, or a large coil of thin metal might be substituted, or any other suitable arrangement adapted to impart heat and at the same time to prevent the mixture of the products of combustion with .the gases to be heated. With such an arrangement as referred to air or gases is or are forced by a blower or other suitable means through the pipe I into the heater H, and being heated therein then passes or pass through the pipe-K into the engine at 23, and for use as before explained.

Fig. 7 is a similar arrangement to that shown in Fig. 6, with this difference, that products of combustion from the dues are used in the place of air or gases. 1 is the engine-cylinder; 18, the inlet for steam; 19, the chambercasing; 23, the inlet for products of combustion; 24, the engine-exhaust; 25,-the exit for spent mixture; E, part of any suitable boiler,

(Cornish); F, the fire-tube, and G the fines. H is a dust-depositing vessel. I is the inlet for products of combustion, and K is the exit from the depositing-vessel for the hot products of combustion to the engine. The depositing-vessel I-I may be of the form shown,

or of anyother suitable form, or, in somecases, where the products of combustion are free fromidust, as in the case where gaseous fuel is used, the depositing-vessel may be dispensed with; The action is as fo1lows:.The products of combustion pass from the tube F around the depositing-vessel H, "depositing the greater part of the solid matter. Then they rise to the top part of the flue G, and entering the inlet I pass down the cone in the direction of the arrows to the bottom of the depositing-vessel, where the remainder of solid particles aredeposited, and rising quietly to the exit K, from whence they pass into the chamber 2 or 3, Fig. 3, as required, and hereinbefore explained. An exhauster of any suitable description is connected with the pipe 25, so as to draw the products of com- I bustion' rapidly through the chambers 2 and 3 alternately, as hereinbefore described.

Although I have described my invention as applied in the construction of double-acting engines, yet it will be evident a mixing-chamher (or more than one) with distributingvalve, steam-supply valve, and exhausting and clearing valves, arranged to operate as I have above explained, could be advantageously used in a single-acting engine-that 1s to say, an engine wherein the piston would be propelled by mixturein one direction only,

the return-stroke: being effected by the momentum of a fly-wheel or otherwise,as well understood.

It is to be understood that by clearing out a mixing-chamber I mean practically removing from it the mixture it contains, the same being replaced by gases alone as distinguished from gases with steam; also, that an important feature in carrying out my present invention is the provision whereby I insure the practical drying of the mixing-chamber by hot gases tion of steam, which consists in passing hotgases through a chamber to clear and dry such chamber, closing said chamber and leaving same full of hot dry gases, admitting steam to said hot gases to form the working mixture, and expanding said mixture into the enginecylinder and afterward exhausting the spent mixture from said cylinder, and repeating said processes of clearing and drying said chamber, filling it with hot gases, closing it, admitting steam to its'contained hot gases, and ex-- panding the mixture so formed into the err-'- gine-cylinder for effecting successive strokes.

2. In the herein-described method or process of working an engine with hot gases, such as air or products of combustion, with addition of steam, the following cycleof operations in amixing-chamber each time after it'has supplied mixture for effecting a stroke of lih"'l1- f gine-piston and preparatory to then'ext stroke for which such mixing chamber-is to supply the actuating mixture, namely: (a) the opening of said mixing-chamber'to an exhaust, so as to reduce the contents of said mixing-chamher to atmospheric pressure, (1)) the clearing out of said mixing-chamber, (c) the drying thereof by hot gases, (d) the closing of said mixing-chamber while full of hot gases, and (e) the admission of a supply of steam' suffi cient with thegaseous contents of the mixing-chamber to produce a charge of mixture at the desired pressure for propelling the engine-piston.

3. The herein-described method or process of working an engine with hot gases, such as air-or products of combustion, with addition of steam, which consists in admitting alternately to each end of the working-cylinder (or of each working-cylinder, if there bemore v than one) a charge of working mixture from a mixing-chamber separate from that whence mixture is supplied to the other end of said cylinder, and each of which mixing-chambers preparatory to the formation thereino'f a working-charge is opened to exhaust, has hot gases passed through it to clear and dry it,

' is closed while full of hot dry gases, has steam admitted to it to mix with said hot gases and sotform the working mixture, which, having been expanded into one end of the enginecy1inder,andhavin g effected a working-stroke, is afterward exhausted from said cylinder, while from another similar mixing-chamber a like charge of mixture similarly formed is expanded into the other end of said workingcylinder, 850., the like operations being repeated alternately in each mixing-chamber and in the corresponding end of the Workingcylinderof the engine, as and for the purpose :5

set forth. I a

In testimony whereofI have signed myname tothis specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

. EDWARD FIELD.

Witnesses:

J AMES STEMPsoN MACDONALD,

46 Lincolns Inn Fields, London, W '0'.

WM. THOS. MARSHALL,

2 Popes Head Alley, O'ornhtll, London, E. O. I 

